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Authors
Ng, Charles Wai Chun
Jakera, Shakera
Makhtar, Muaz Mohd Zaini
Kamaludin, Ramizah
Mahat, Siti Baizura
Akter, Rimi
Salleh, Rabeta Mohd
Hasan, Hadura Abu
Wibisono, Yusuf
Tajarudin, Husnul Azan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-6072
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (PTEKIND/6740070)
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Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Declarations
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: All experimental procedures involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Universiti Sains Malaysia (Approval No.: USM/IADUD/2022/ (136) (1204)). The animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. The study does not involve human participants, and therefore informed consent is not applicable.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
