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Authors
Ali, Luke Chukwudi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6393-2217
Machebe, Ndubuisi Samuel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9603-8107
Amaefule, Bright Chigozie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7382-5287
Ibeziako, Augustine Emeka https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2891-7310
Umeugokwe, Paulinus Ikenna https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3017-0718
Nwosu, Irechukwu Callistus https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8236-732X
Aba, Charity Nkechinyere https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8764-7278
Ugwu, Chekwube Maureen https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9747-6691
Ugwu, Onwuamaeze Gabriel https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6101-271X
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Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: Sample collection and animal handling followed the guidelines of the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka ( ), under code 5.4.2 (Reference Number: UNN/C125ARO00.22.08.2024). All necessary precautions were taken to minimize discomfort and to ensure animal welfare.
: Not applicable.
: The authors granted permission to publish this paper in the Tropical Journal of Animal Health and Production under non-open access, with no payment of article processing charges (APC) by the authors.
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
