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Article History

Received: 30 January 2026

Accepted: 19 May 2026

First Online: 4 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in strict accordance with the recommendations of the Guide for the National Council for the Control of Animal Experiments. The Ethics Committee on Animal Use of Shahrekord University approved the experimental protocol (SKU-1402R). Throughout the 42-day experiment, the following measures were implemented to ensure animal welfare: birds had ad libitum access to feed and water; ambient temperature was gradually reduced according to standard broiler management to avoid thermal stress; stocking density did not exceed 20 birds per 7.84 m² pen (≈ 2.55 birds/m²); and euthanasia was performed by cervical dislocation after stunning to minimize pain, consistent with AVMA guidelines.

: The authors declare no competing interests. We declare have no competing interests and can be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest exists.