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The effect of blended learning approaches on vocational school students’ practical skills performance and learning behaviors: virtual simulations or hands-on activities while accessing instructional videos

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-026-09793-4

Published Online: 2026-04-11

Published Print: 2026-06

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Qi, Zhanyong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6777-9536
Wang, Jiayi https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6165-9156
Du, Yue https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0954-2669
Zhang, Xinyue
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Major Program of National Fund of Philosophy and Social Science of China (AJA220023)
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Article History

Received: 29 August 2025

Accepted: 16 March 2026

First Online: 11 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shaanxi Basic Education Quality Monitoring and Assessment Research Center at the Shaanxi Normal University.

: Students provided consent to participate and for publication.

: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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