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Authors
Hitchcock, Kelly
Tollington, Simon
Khwaja, Hannah
Williams, Leah J.
Hamill, Kat
Yarnell, Richard W.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nottingham Trent University
Chester Zoo
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Article History
Received: 23 May 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
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: Informed consent was obtained from all volunteers prior to participating in the study. The project received a favourable ethical opinion by both Nottingham Trent University’s Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences ethical review panel and Chester Zoo’s Human Research Ethics Framework review panel.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
