Riveros, Carlos http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-6605
Chalfant, Victor
Di Valerio, Elizabeth
Bacchus, Michael W.
Forero, Ana M.
Klett, Dane
Balaji, K. C.
Article History
Received: 21 August 2022
Accepted: 17 October 2022
First Online: 1 November 2022
Declarations
:
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
: This study was deemed exempt from ethics approval as the database used contains deidentified data.
: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the hospitals participating in the ACS NSQIP are the source of the data used herein; they have not verified and are not responsible for the statistical validity of the data analysis or the conclusions derived by the authors.