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Authors
Ye, Dan https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4272-1403
Gan, Ning
Yang, Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-1353
Fei, Zhentao
Liu, Huarui
Liu, Xuhui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (KY-GW-2024-25)
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study complied with ethical guidelines, and the protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (approval number: 2024-S021-01). For the retrospective analysis of medical records, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for informed consent, as the study did not involve direct patient intervention. All procedures adhered to ethical standards outlined by the Declaration of Helsinki and local regulations.
