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Authors
Dyer, Marcus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5223-2423
Ella-Tongwiis, Peter
Snyper, Nana Yaa Frempomaa
Shergill, Iqbal
Hughes, Stephen Fôn
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institute of Biomedical Science
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 30 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was granted ethical approval by the Welsh Research Ethics Service (REC) 4 committee via the Integrated Research Application System (REC 4:12/WA0117) and the Wrexham University Research Committee. Written informed consent was received from all patients prior to study participation.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Welsh Research Ethics Service, the Wrexham University Research Committee, and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All personal data have been anonymised to preserve patient confidentiality.
: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants. All the authors have seen and agreed to the submitted version of the paper and give consent for its publication.
