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Article History

Received: 16 December 2025

Accepted: 4 March 2026

First Online: 25 March 2026

Declarations

:

: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

: This study used publicly available, de-identified data obtained from the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB). Because the dataset contains no identifiable human subjects information, institutional review board approval was not required.

: Not applicable. The study relied exclusively on publicly available secondary data.