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Authors
Simmons, Isaiah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-9453
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Southern California
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2026
Accepted: 18 June 2026
First Online: 1 July 2026
Declarations
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: I have no known financial or non-financial conflicts of interests to disclose.
: This research is supported by a separate and related research project: “But Who Really Wins: College athletes’ analysis of name, image, and likeness policy narratives”, which was approved by the University of Southern California’s Institutional Review Board (approval number UP-22-00378).
: Participants who were interviewed did so voluntarily. All participants were informed of the purpose of the study and signed an IRB approved consent form. Participant data was anonymized for final publication.
