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Authors
Šneideris, Donatas
Gudiškis, Naglis
Juozaitytė-Ngugu, Evelina
Kalashnikova, Tamara
Butkauskas, Dalius
Prakas, Petras
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba (S-MIP-23-3, S-MIP-23-3, S-MIP-23-3, S-MIP-23-3, S-MIP-23-3, S-MIP-23-3)
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2025
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 23 June 2025
Declarations
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: This document is provided for scientific purposes only. Any reference to a brand or trademark herein is for informational purposes only and is not intended for commercial purpose or to dilute the rights of the respective owner(s) of the brand(s) or trademark(s).
: No grey wolves were killed for the purpose of the present study. The research was conducted under the approval guidelines of the Ethics Committee of Nature Research Centre (no. GGT-1). Grey wolves are protected throughout the EU by the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) and the Bern Convention. The approval (2014-09-15, No. D1-699) of the conservation plan for the wolf (Canis lupus) was declared by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania. Each season, the number of grey wolves hunted is set by the order of the Minister of Environment in Lithuania (14 October 2020 no. D1-629; 13 October 2021 no. D1-582; 11 October 2022 no. D1-328).
: All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
