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Authors
Mallik, Sumanta Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-0137
Pathak, Richa
Kala, Krishna
Patil, Prasanna Kumar
Shahi, Neetu
Tandel, Ritesh Shantilal
Chatterjee, Niladri Sekhar
Nadella, Ranjit Kumar
Kunal, Kishor
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (All India Network Project on Fish Health (AINP-FH) (Grant F. No. CIBA/AINPFH/2015-16 dated 02.06.2015))
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: The experimental procedures involving rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were reviewed and approved by the Institute Animal Care and Use Committee (CICFR/IACUC/04/03/2025/03) of ICAR-Central Institute of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, India. The study also complied with the regulations of the Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC) under the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, as per the “Rules for Manufacture, Use/Import/Export and Storage of Hazardous Microorganisms/Genetically Engineered Organisms or Cells, 1989,” framed under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. All experiments were carried out following established protocols and relevant ethical guidelines. Additionally, we affirm that the methods and outcomes reported conform to the ARRIVE guidelines and associated regulatory standards.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
