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Authors
Salem, Mona
Ghabbour, Reem
Mostafa, Noura F.
Awad, Amal
Younis, Gamal
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mansoura University
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Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 27 September 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance for the study was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt (Protocol code: MU-ACUC (VM.PhD.23.10.24). All procedures involving poultry were carried out in strict accordance with international ethical standards, ensuring the humane treatment of animals and the protection of farm personnel throughout the study.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
