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Authors
Arafat, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8906-7564
Hassan, Zeinab https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-3348
Elmishmishy, Basem https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3411-6039
Zaki, Viola H.
Zahran, Eman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-3688
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mansoura University
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Article History
Received: 5 October 2025
Accepted: 10 January 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted at the experimental facility of the Aquatic Animal Medicine Laboratory (AAML), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. All experimental procedures and study protocols were reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee (Code: M/36). All fish handling and experimental practices complied with the ARRIVE guidelines and followed institutional and governmental regulations for the ethical use of animals in research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
