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Authors
Shaheed, Iman
Samir, Ahmed
Ismael, Elshaimaa
Orabi, Ahmed
Ali, Sabah
Mohamed, Basma
Darwish, Hazem
Abdel-Kader, Fatma
Zaher, Hala
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cairo University
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Article History
Received: 29 December 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 17 April 2026
Declarations
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: The research was conducted according to the guidelines of the ethical committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt (Vet CU 110520251149). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All poultry production farm owners provided an oral consent to collect chicken samples for the study after being informed of the use of samples.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
