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Authors
Carrera, Alefe Luiz Caliani https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3558-2664
Minto, Bruno Watanabe
Alcântara, Brenda Mendonça
Previtali, Daniel Alexandre Coimbra
Faustino, Rodrigo Carvalho Souza
Tavares, Angélica Barreto Leite
Doiche, Danuta Pulz
Nogueira, Camila
Brunel, Hilana Santos Sena
Pereira, Rinaldo Wellerson
Alievi, Marcelo Meller
Dias, Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves
Malard, Patricia Furtado
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio De Mesquita Filho
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Article History
Received: 26 January 2026
Accepted: 6 June 2026
First Online: 13 June 2026
Declarations
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: The international animal welfare guidelines were adhered to in all procedures, and the Animal Ethics Committee of FCAV UNESP approved this study under protocol number 9138/22.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All dog owners accepted and provided informed consent for participation in the study.
