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Authors
Zubair, Akmal
Zeb, Adnan
Shahid, Syed Ahsan
Javed, Hasnain
Ali, Muhammad
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Article History
Received: 12 December 2024
Accepted: 8 March 2025
First Online: 27 March 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan under the protocol number BEC-FBS-QAU2023-520 (dated: 12-09-2023) and BEC-FBS-QAU2020-232 (dated: 06-02-2020). This study does not involve any human or animal object. Only serum samples were obtained from HIV-infected patients. Informed written consent was obtained from the patients (or their guardians in the case of infants). Moreover, the study does not require the personal information of the patients.
