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Authors
Alqahtani, Sultan
Awadalla, Maaweya
Alanazi, Abdullah E.
Alhumaidy, Aroob Abdullah
Hanif, Atif
Alshehri, Hajar A.
Alsayegh, Aram Abdulaziz
AlQusi, Faisal
Alshanbari, Huda M.
Eifan, Saleh
Alosaimi, Bandar
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Article History
Received: 22 October 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: The study received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia (IRB log No:21-19M). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Patient consent for the use of retrospectively collected samples was not required, as the IRB Committee classified the study as minimal risk and granted a waiver of consent in line with national regulations and institutional policies for retrospective studies involving de-identified data. All participant data were treated with strict confidentiality; each patient was assigned a unique identifier, and the data were securely stored in a password-protected Excel file.
