Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education - Singapore (MOET2EP20221- 0012)
Ministry of Education - Singapore (MOE-T2EP20223-0002)
RIE2020 Industry Alignment Fund – Industry Collaboration Projects (IAF-ICP) Funding Initiative
National Key R&D Program of China (2022ZD0160102)
Shanghai AI Laboratory
Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026