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Article History

Received: 29 June 2025

Accepted: 13 August 2025

First Online: 3 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors confirm that this article is original research that has not been published or presented, in whole or in part, in any journal or conference, in any language. During the preparation of this work the authors used Perplexity (AI-powered research and writing tool; ) for proofreading the manuscript. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.

: The research is scientifically consented to be published.

: All participants provided oral and written informed consent prior to participation in the study. All experiments (i.e., questionnaire surveys) were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All experimental protocols were approved by K. N. Toosi University of Technology.

: The authors hereby declare that they have no conflicting interests, financial/non-financial interests or personal relationships, that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.