Mzinyane, Nozipho Nompumelelo https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3680-6362
Makenda, Arthur Kabamba
Mtshatsheni, Kgomotso Gina
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vaal University of Technology
National Research Fund (TTK2204264893)
Article History
Received: 26 March 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Authors hereby give their consent for the publication of this manuscript in Water, Air & soil Pollution. I confirm that all co-authors, have reviewed and approved the final version for submission.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests related to this manuscript. There are no financial, personal, or professional conflicts that could have influenced the work presented.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.