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Authors
Kamarudin, Mohd Khairul Amri
Abd Wahab, Noorjima
Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan
Muhammad-Sukki, Firdaus
Mohd Saudi, Ahmad Shakir
Azaman, Fazureen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2023/WAB08/UNISZA/02/1)
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
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: No ethical approval is needed since this article does not contain any studies with human or animal participants.
: There are no human participants in this article and informed consent is not applicable.
: There are no human participants in this article and informed consent is not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
