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Article History

Received: 2 December 2025

Accepted: 26 March 2026

First Online: 4 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain used in this study is classified as Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1). The experiments were conducted in a laboratory meeting BSL-1 standards, and personnel followed necessary biosafety precautions, such as wearing lab coats, gloves, and using a fume hood. Although this study does not involve human participants or animals, we have ensured that all procedures comply with relevant biosafety regulations.

: All authors have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.