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Authors
Butt, Hafiz Muddassir Majeed https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7273-3859
Zhang, Liguo
Guo, Jiequn
Naseem, Muhammad Hamze
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China (23&ZD110)
Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72073054)
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Article History
Received: 8 December 2025
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 12 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study did not require ethical approval since it did not involve human subjects and/or animals. All authors have read, understood, and complied as applicable with the statement on “Ethical responsibilities of Authors” as found in the Instructions for Authors.”
: All the authors mentioned in the manuscript have agreed for authorship and have read and approved the manuscript.
: All the authors mentioned in the manuscript have given consent for submission and subsequent publication of the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
