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Authors
Toh, Seng Chiew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-5062
Leong, Sui Sien https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7050-2802
Lihan, Samuel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6791-4390
Lahuri, Azizul Hakim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-3761
Khairul, Sabrina Rancang https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8144-9761
Al Edrus, Syeed Saifulazry Osman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-0968
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors confirm that there was no use of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technology for assisting in the writing or editing of the manuscript and no images were manipulated using AI.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
