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Authors
Al Awawdeh, Safaa
Shafie, Nurul Husna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1626-5308
Ishak, Amirah Haziyah
Mohd Esa, Norhaizan
Loh, Su Peng
Nurdin, Armania
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Putra Malaysia (GP-IPS/2023/9772000)
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2018/SKK10/UPM/02/5)
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Article History
Received: 27 February 2026
Accepted: 13 May 2026
First Online: 25 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
