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Authors
Hamarsheh, Ala
El-Taj, Homam Reda Kamel
Al-Qerem, Ahmad
Alauthman, Mohammad
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies, Research & Business at Dar Al-Hekma University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Article History
Received: 21 October 2025
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Declarations
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: The author declares no potential conflicts of interest concerning this article’s research, authorship and publication.
