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Authors
Abudoureheman, Kamenjiang
Du, Fan
Zhang, Zhidong
Li, Bo
Wei, Jinxian
Lu, Gang
Xie, Chao
Ling, Jizu
Zhang, Jingxiang
Zhang, Baoping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Key Research Topics of the Clinical Research at the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases (LCA202402)
the Research Program of Gansu Province Health and Wellness Industry (GSWSKY2023-19)
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Article History
Received: 13 September 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University (No. LZUKQ-2024-046), was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400086715), and complied with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (revised at the 64th WMA General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil, October 2013).
: The patient image information obtained in this article was all agreed upon by the patients with informed consent.
