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Article History

Received: 22 December 2024

Revised: 4 April 2025

Accepted: 9 April 2025

First Online: 21 April 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures involving human participants performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shiga University of Medical Science (approval number: 29–195)

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Secondary data were used, and an opt-out procedure was used for informed consent

: Dr. Kawamura has received speaker’s honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceutical, and MSD outside the submitted work. Dr. Kadotani has received grant supports from the Investigator-Initiated Studies Program of Merck Sharp and Dohme LLC/MSD K.K., Eisai, and SECOM Science and Technology Foundation; and speaker’s honoraria from Sumitomo Pharma, MSD and Eisai outside the submitted work. Dr. Kadotani also reports being a president of Japanese Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine and a co-investigator on a research study funded by Kirin Holdings Company and Takeda Pharmaceutical outside the submitted work. Dr. Suzuki has received grant supports from EA Pharma, Eisai, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Meiji Seika Pharma, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Shionogi Pharma, and Sumitomo Pharma; speaker’s honoraria from EA Pharma, Eisai, Kao Corporation, Kyowa Pharmaceutical Industry, Meiji Seika Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical, MSD, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Shionogi Pharma, Sumitomo Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Viatris, and Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical; and payment for expert testimony from Eisai, Kao Corporation, Mochida Pharmaceutical, and Jazz Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. Dr. Uchiyama reports no financial relationships with commercial interests. Dr. Yamada has received speaker’s honoraria from Eisai, MSD, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceutical, and Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical outside the submitted work. Dr. Kuriyama has received grant supports from Otsuka Pharmaceutical and Eisal; personal fees from Meiji Seika Pharma, Eisai, MSD, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharma, Shionogi Pharma, Daiichi-Sankyo, Accuris Pharma, and Sumitomo Pharma; and advisory fees from Eisai, Shionogi Pharma, Taisho Pharmaceutical, Nobel Pharma, and Nexera Pharma outside the submitted work.Sleep EEG information in this study was obtained using the SleepScope (SS) device. SleepWell Co. Ltd., which developed the SS, participated in the study as a collaborative research facility and was responsible for improving the detection program.Conflicts of interest in this study were reported to the Conflict-of-Interest Management Committee and other appropriate departments at each collaborating institution as appropriate and were managed appropriately.