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Authors
Alshumrani, Ranya
Alhejaili, Faris Fallah
Wali, Siraj
Kanbr, Omar
Fida, Moufag
Alalwani, Tariq
Alshali, Sultan
Seiql, Omar
Halawani, Ammar
Alghamdi, Khalid
Nowailaty, Fares
Yasawy, Murad
Bamagoos, Ahmad A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Abdulaziz University (IFPRC-128-140-2020)
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Article History
Received: 23 December 2024
Revised: 15 September 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 8 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was granted by the institutional review board of King Abdulaziz University Hospital with reference no: 252 − 22.
: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
