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Authors
Nilrat, Nattarin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5567-5871
Banhiran, Wish https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-6657
Keskool, Phawin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2743-4688
Pimolsri, Chawanont
Kasemsuk, Navarat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-3763
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mahidol University
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Revised: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: All study procedures involving human participants complied with the Siriraj Institutional Review Board’s ethical standards (Certificate of Approval number Si 396/2023) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.
: The Siriraj Institutional Review Board waived the requirement for informed consent because the study was retrospective and used de-identified data.
: All authors declare no financial interests, including honoraria, educational grants, speaker bureau participation, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, expert testimony, or patent licensing. They also report no relevant non-financial interests, such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge, or beliefs related to the subject matter.
