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Authors
Kim, Jongmin
Koo, David
Sung, Chung Man
Kim, Jisun
Ryu, Seung Soo
Lim, Sang Chul
Wellman, D. Andrew
Vena, Daniel
Huyett, Phillip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1951-3266
Yang, Hyung Chae https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9187-1367
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2022R1C1C1010136)
Chonnam National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute (BCRI-24029)
Chonnam National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute (BCRI-25076)
National Institutes of Health (R01 HL128658)
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Revised: 14 October 2025
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: This prospective, randomized, controlled crossover trial was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chonnam National University Hospital (approval no. CNUH-2020-279) and was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS, registration no. KCT0005830). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Andrew Wellman works as a consultant for Apnimed, Nox, Inspire, Mosanna, Takeda, and iNOS. He has received grants from Prosomnus. He also has a financial interest in Apnimed, Mosanna, and iNOS, which are developing therapies for sleep apnea. Dr. Wellman’s interests were reviewed and are managed by Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Mass General Brigham in accordance with their conflict-of-interest policies.
