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Authors
Aldhahi, Monira I.
Tesio, Luigi
Scarano, Stefano
Bakhsh, Hadeel R.
Alhasani, Rehab
Bin Sheeha, Bodor H.
Caronni, Antonio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3051-1031
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università degli Studi di Milano
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Article History
Received: 20 July 2025
Revised: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures and research protocols in this study involving human participants were approved by the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of PNU in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (PNU 22–167). Written Informed consent was obtained from each participant, which was a condition for enrolment in the study, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: Clinical trial number is not applicable.
: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, manuscript writing, or decision to publish the results.
