Unkell, Malte https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-848X
Schmitt, Maximilian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7453-5612
Hohenhorst, Winfried https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5835-3699
Janott, Christoph https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9441-5287
Herzog, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3091-0331
Heiser, Clemens https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6301-2891
Funding for this research was provided by:
Technische Universität München
Article History
Received: 12 May 2025
Revised: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 31 December 2025
First Online: 13 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This article is a retrospective study based on a dataset of examinations performed on humans. The dataset was not created specifically for this study. Accordingly, this article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. The study was approved on th 21 st February 2023 by the ethics committee of the Technical University Munich.
: The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. Christoph Janott is shareholder of Diametos GmbH. Clemens Heiser reports grants from Nyxoah and Inspire Medical Systems (paid to the Technical University of Munich), and consultancy fees, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, or educational events, and support for attending meetings from Nyxoah, Inspire Medical Systems and XM Consult:. In addition, C. Heiser is founder of the Institute for Sleep Medicine and LunaLab. Michael Herzog does not have a conflict of interest. Winfried Hohenhorst does not have a conflict of interest. Maximilian Schmitt does not have a conflict of interest. Malte Unkell does not have a conflict of interest.