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Authors
Strumpf, Zachary B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-3240
Kaffashi, Farhad
Patil, Susheel P.
Strohl, Kingman P.
Loparo, Kenneth A.
Jacono, Frank J.
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Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Revised: 18 January 2026
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: For this type of retrospective review of publicly available datasets, formal consent was not required by the authors of this manuscript. All participants in the MESA study provided written informed consent for future research use of their data as approved by the original investigators.
: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
