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Article History

Received: 27 October 2025

Revised: 24 January 2026

Accepted: 13 February 2026

First Online: 12 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The clinical observational component of this study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (approval No.: [2024-129]; date: [11.21.2024]). The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the retrospective design and use of de-identified data, the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the committee, reason: e.g., minimal risk and retrospective data use. This retrospective observational study using de-identified clinical records was not prospectively registered, as prospective registration is not routinely required for this study design at our institution.

: The authors affirm that the research was executed without any commercial or financial affiliations that could be viewed as a potential conflict of interest.