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Authors
Thrash, Garrett W.
Wang, Elijah https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0512-4123
Brockington, David
Rives, Colby
Sun, Yifei
Roberts, Anne C.
Das, Somnath
Pilitsis, Julie G.
Shirvalkar, Prasad
do Campo, Rocio Vazquez
Walker, Harrison C.
Earley, Christopher J.
Holland, Marshall T
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medtronic (Medtronic)
Medtronic (Medtronic)
Boston Scientific Corporation (Boston Scientific Corporation)
Abbott Fund (Abbott Fund)
National Institute of Health (NIH 2R01CA166379)
National Institute of Health (NIH R01EB030324)
National Institute of Health (NIH U44NS115111)
National Institute of Health (NIH 1R01NS136739)
National Institute of Health (NIH UH3 NS115631)
National Institute of Health (NIH UG3NS130202)
National Institute of Health (NIH R01NS118760)
National Institute of Health (NIH R01NS119520)
Marcus Innovation Fund (Marcus Innovation Fund)
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco)
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Article History
Received: 29 June 2025
Revised: 14 January 2026
Accepted: 25 February 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
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: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
: Dr. Pilitsis receives grant support from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott, NIH 2R01CA166379, NIH R01EB030324, and NIH U44NS115111. She is the medical advisor for Aim Medical Robotics and has stock equity. Dr. Shirvalkar receives grant support from NIH 1R01NS136739, NIH UH3 NS115631, the Marcus Innovation Fund, Weill Institute of Neurosciences, and donated devices from Medtronic Inc. He is a medical advisor for Presidio Medical Inc. Dr. Walker receives grant support from NIH UG3NS130202, NIH R01NS118760, NIH R01NS119520.
