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Article History

Received: 10 September 2025

Revised: 14 February 2026

Accepted: 10 April 2026

First Online: 24 April 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Chubu Gakuin University and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chubu Gakuin University (approval number: C21-0030).

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements) or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.