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Authors
Koriyama, Sakura https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8549-2187
Sawada, Susumu S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-0790
Zhai, Xiangyu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2148-9426
Dimitroff, Serena A.
Nishida, Masaki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2661-4425
Tanisawa, Kumpei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-7104
Kawakami, Ryoko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8211-1553
Hamaya, Keizo
Shimomitsu, Teruichi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
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Article History
Received: 31 May 2024
Accepted: 25 March 2025
First Online: 26 April 2025
Declarations
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: Keizo Hamaya is employee of the Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association. The other authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
: This study has been conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research by the Japanese Government. This study was conducted with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association and Waseda University (approval numbers: 201902 and 2020–222), the committee explicitly approved the written consent implied upon return of a completed questionnaire.
: The questionnaire included a cover page explaining the purposes and procedures of the study. On this cover page, respondents were told that participation in the survey was voluntary and returning the questionnaires represented informed consent.
