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Authors
Tanveer, Moazzam
Tabnjh, Abedelmalek Kalefh
Yujun, Cai
Badicu, Georgian
Asghar, Ejaz
Tanveer, Umar
Roy, Nadeem
Al-Mhanna, Sameer Badri
Batrakoulis, Alexios
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Gothenburg
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 24 July 2025
First Online: 23 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that there are no competing interests.
: This study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Sport on December 23, 2022 (Ethical Code: 1816111009–2022). Approval to conduct the study was also obtained from the Punjab School Education Department (Approval Code: PU180220-633357) and the principals and teachers of the participating schools. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. For participants under the age of 16, consent was secured from their parents or legal guardians. All participants were assured of the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses throughout data collection and processing.
