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Authors
Oliveira, João P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-0599
Marinho, Daniel A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2351-3047
Soylu, Yusuf https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-0601
Gök, Umut https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5596-884X
Gök, Yağmur https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4208-4516
Kilit, Bülent https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9061-0691
Arslan, Ersan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2933-6937
Morais, Jorge E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-0648
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Clinical Trials BETA
Clinical trials referenced in this document:
nct06881316 at ClinicalTrials.govDocuments that mention this clinical trial
Caffeine vs. carbohydrate mouth-rinsing in soccer: effects on passing performance and psychophysiological responses in youth players
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-026-01851-1
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UID/04045/2025)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UID/06157/2025)
Universidade da Beira Interior
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2025
Revised: 26 April 2026
Accepted: 2 July 2026
First Online: 10 July 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Ethics Committee (Approval Number: 30.01.2024-02.25). All participants (and their legal guardians) provided written informed consent before participation.
: Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participants before participation. In addition, all participants provided age-appropriate assent after receiving detailed verbal and written information about the study procedures, risks, and safeguards.
: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any identifi able personal data, images, or videos of participants.
