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Article History

Received: 23 September 2021

Accepted: 5 June 2022

First Online: 18 June 2022

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: Chuen Tse Kuah holds a PhD in mechanical engineering from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia. He is currently a postdoctoral research fellow at UTM.Srithar Rajoo holds a PhD from the Imperial College London, UK. He is a Professor and the Director of the Centre for Low Carbon Transport in Cooperation with Imperial College London (LoCARtic) in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia.Kuan Yew Wong holds a PhD from the University of Birmingham, UK. He is a Professor and the Head of the Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Group at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia. He is also a Chartered Engineer and Fellow of the British Computer Society.Qi Yun Koh received the B.Eng. degree in mechatronics engineering from Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 2020. He is currently pursuing an MPhil degree in mechanical engineering at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia.