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Article History

Received: 23 December 2021

Accepted: 20 June 2022

First Online: 8 July 2022

Declarations

:

: The authors confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere, nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. “I have not submitted my manuscript to a preprint server before submitting it to Environmental Science and Pollution Research”. The manuscript that is intended for a different group of readers.

: Data and the coding materials have been attached in the submission and conducted with the panel data from the World Bank and do not involve human participants and/or animals.

: The authors confirm that all the figures, tables, or text passages have not already been published elsewhere. Authors contribute all the contents. All co-authors have approved the manuscript if any, and by the responsible authorities — tacitly or explicitly — at the institute where the work has been carried out. Authors either grant the publisher an exclusive license to publish the article or agree to transfer the article’s copyright to the publisher.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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