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Article History

Received: 23 October 2024

Accepted: 16 April 2025

First Online: 24 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This research does not involve any studies on human participants or animals, and hence, no ethical approval was required. The study focused solely on the development and testing of coconut-periwinkle shell bio-composites as potential thermal insulation materials.

: Not applicable, as this research did not involve human participants.

: All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors provide consent for the publication of this manuscript in the Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research. We affirm that the manuscript has not been submitted to any other journal for consideration and is original work of the authors.

: The authors declare no competing interests.