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Authors
Kim, Hyung Doo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7478-8281
Oh, Jongmin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-6943
Myung, Jisun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-8760
Han, Changwoo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-4680
Bae, Hyun Joo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2723-5013
Kim, Soontae https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1198-934X
Hong, Yun-Chul https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9010-7271
Lim, Youn-Hee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1290-5814
Lee, Dong-Wook https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-3269
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute (RS-2021-KE0001615)
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Article History
Received: 4 April 2025
Accepted: 30 June 2025
First Online: 18 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was exempted from review by the Institutional Review Board of Inha University Hospital, South Korea (IRB No. 2023–09-017–000). As the personal information managed by the NHIS was not accessed by the authors, no ethical approval was required.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board because the study used fully anonymized data provided by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), and no personal identifiers were accessed by the investigators.
: This is not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
