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Article History

Received: 5 March 2025

Accepted: 11 August 2025

First Online: 23 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was not required for this study as per the guidelines, as it did not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive data. However, all ethical considerations were followed in conducting the research.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in this study.

: This study does not include any individual data requiring consent to publish.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: In the preparation of this manuscript, the authors have utilised AI-assisted technologies to enhance the writing and editing process. Specifically, OpenAI’s ChatGPT was employed to assist with language refinement and grammar correction. The AI was used under the guidance and oversight of the authors to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the scientific content. The authors take full responsibility for the content of this work and confirm that all the data, interpretations, and conclusions are entirely their own.