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Retraction Note: Pathways towards environmental sustainability: exploring the influence of aggregate domestic consumption spending on carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-37044-5

Published Online: 2025-10-16

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Chishti, Muhammad Zubair

Alam, Naushad

Murshed, Muntasir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9872-8742
Rehman, Abdul

Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel
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First Online: 16 October 2025

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