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Authors
Ozols, Niks https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-5374
Filipovičs, Maksims
Rubene, Betija
Močāne, Sabīne
Tikuma, Baiba
Brusbārdis, Valters
Gailis, Jānis
Zagorska, Viktorija
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zemkopības ministrija (25-00-S0INZ03-000008)
Zemkopības ministrija (25-00-S0INZ03-000017)
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Article History
Received: 30 March 2026
Accepted: 12 September 2026
First Online: 23 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval: Not applicable.
Consent to participate: Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Research involving human participants and/or animals: This study did not involve human participants. Honey bee-collected pollen samples were obtained from managed colonies under standard beekeeping practices, and no experimental manipulation or harm to animals was performed.
