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Article History

Received: 22 February 2025

Accepted: 3 June 2025

First Online: 12 June 2025

Declarations

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: We have no conflict of interest to declare in regard to the manuscript. Prof. Daniela Berg has received grants or contracts from the German Research Society (DFG), German Parkinson’s Disease Association (dPV), Michael J Fox Foundation, BMBF, Parkinson Fonds Deutschland gGmbH, UCB Pharma GmbH, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Damp Foundation, and Lundbeck and has received speaker’s honoraria from AbbVie, Biogen, BIAL, UCB Pharma GmbH, and Novartis Pharma GmbH, outside the submitted work. She has served on advisory boards of Biogen, BIAL, UCB Pharma GmbH and AC Immune SA outside the submitted work. Prof. Kathrin Brockmann received Research Grants from the Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (“LRRK2 Kinase Activity,” “Influence of Inflammatory Profiles on PD Phenotype and Progression,” “Prevent Dementia in GBA1-associated PD”), from the University of Tuebingen (“Endophenotyping of GBA1-PD”), from the German Society for Parkinson DPG, from the Health Forum Baden Wuerttemberg (“Predictive Diagnostic of immune-associated diseases for personalized medicine”), from the Else Kröner Fresenius Stiftung (“ClinBrain”), and from the German Research Foundation DFG (“CORO-TREND”). She serves on advisory boards for F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and VanqaBio. She received speaker honoraria from Abbvie, Lundbeck, UCB, and Zambon. Prof. Gerhard Eschweiler has received research funding from the Innovationsfond (Fund of the Federal Joint Committee, Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss, G-BA Grants No. VF1_2016-201). Prof. Andreas Fallgatter received grant support from the German Research Foundation (DFG), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the Ministry for Science, Research and Art Baden-Württemberg (MWK), and the European Commission. Dr. Markus A. Hobert has nothing to disclose. Prof. Walter Maetzler receives or received funding from the European Union, the German Federal Ministry of Education of Research, German Research Council, Michael J. Fox Foundation, Robert Bosch Foundation, Neuroalliance, Lundbeck, Sivantos, and Janssen. He received speaker honoraria from Abbvie, Bayer, BIAL, GlaxoSmithKline, Heel, Licher MT, Rölke Pharma, Takeda, and UCB, and was invited to Advisory Boards/Consultancies of Abbvie, Aptar Digital Health, Atheneum, Biogen, Kyowa Kirin, Lundbeck, and Pfizer. He serves as an advisory board member of the Critical Path for Parkinson’s Consortium and the MDS e-Diary Working Group, and as an editorial board member of Geriatric Care. He is a member of the MDS Technology Working Group. Prof. Dr. Thomas Gasser serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Parkinson’s Disease. He holds a patent re: KASPP (LRRK2) gene, its production and use for the detection and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Prof. Gasser has received speaker’s honoraria from UCB Pharma, Novartis, Sanofi, and MedUpdate. He has received consulting fees from Bayer AG, BlueRock Therapeutics, and Biogen. He is Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of the “Joint Programming for Neurodegenerative Diseases” program, funded by the European Commission. He has received grant support from the German Research Foundation (DFG), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the Ministry for Science, Research and Art Baden-Württemberg (MWK), the European Commission, the Helmholtz Association, and The Michael J. Fox Foundation. Dr. Stefanie Lerche has nothing to disclose. Dr. Benjamin Röben has received a research grant from the University of Tuebingen (Clinician Scientist; Project-Nr. 480–0-0). Claudia Schulte has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ulrike Sünkel has nothing to disclose. Dr. von Thaler, Anna-Katharina has nothing to disclose. Dr. Isabel Wurster receives funding from The Michael J. Fox Foundation (MJFF) as an Edmond J. Safra Fellow in Movement Disorders. Dr. Milan Zimmermann has received a research grant from the University of Tuebingen (Clinician Scientist; Project-Nr. 481–0-0).