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Authors
Muscari, Antonio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-4793
Forti, Paola
Magalotti, Donatella
Brizi, Mara
Piro, Filomena
Ramazzotti, Eric
Incorvaia, Loredana
Maltoni, Paolo
Casanova Borca, Daniele
Capelli, Eleonora
Ciuffi, Barbara
Pandolfi, Paolo
Barbara, Giovanni
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 31 July 2025
First Online: 8 September 2025
Declarations
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: This spontaneous non-profit study was supported by Now Foods, Pharma Nord, TA Sciences, Quidel and Roche, which donated their products (see Acknowledgments). No financial support was provided by the same companies. Professor Giovanni Barbara reports personal fees from Aboca, AB Biotics, Agave, Alfasigma, Allergan, Arena, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biocodex, Bromatech, Cadigroup, Diadema, GE Healthcare, Falk Pharma, IMA, Mayoly, Malesci, Nestlè, Parmalat, Sanofi, Schwabe Pharma, Sofar, Yakult, and Zespri, outside the submitted work. In addition, Professor Giovanni Barbara has a patent “Metodo e kit per la diagnosi della sensibilità al glutine non associata alla celiachia” with paid royalties. No other conflicts of interest have to be reported by the authors.
